辽宁省不同地区番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性

为明确辽宁省不同地区间番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性是否存在差异,以及咯菌腈与其他杀菌剂之间是否存在交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈、腐霉利、多菌灵的敏感性。结果表明,从辽宁省6个不同地区分离的番茄灰霉病菌菌株对咯菌腈的平均EC50差异不显著,番茄灰霉病菌菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性频率呈正态分布,咯菌腈对不同地区共117株番茄灰霉病菌的EC50平均值为(0.007 3±0.004 5)μg/mL,且咯菌腈与腐霉利和多菌灵之间均不存在交互抗药性。     

Quantitative resistance to Botrytis cinerea from Solanum neorickii

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Quantitative resistance to B. cinerea was previously identified in a wild relative, S. neorickii G1.1601. The 122 F₃ families derived from a cross between the susceptible S. lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker and the partially resistant S. neorickii G1.1601 were tested for susceptibility to B. cinerea using a stem bioassay. Three putative quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were detected: pQTL3 and pQTL9 reducing lesion growth (LG) and pQTL4 reducing disease incidence (DI). For each pQTL, a putative homologous locus was identified recently in another wild tomato relative, S. habrochaites LYC4. pQTL3 was confirmed by assessing disease resistance in BC₃S₁ and BC₃S₂ progenies of S. neorickii G1.1601. pQTL4 was not statistically confirmed but the presence of the S. neorickii resistance allele reduced DI in all three tested populations. The reduction in LG of pQTL9 was not confirmed but rather, this locus conferred a reduced DI, similar to observations in the QTL study using S. habrochaites. The results are discussed in relation to other disease resistance loci identified in studies with other wild tomato relatives.     

木霉菌对灰葡萄孢菌的拮抗作用

对采自宁夏14个市县的170份土样及其它材料进行分离,得到96个木霉菌株,采用形态分类方法鉴定出9种木霉菌以及2种未知名菌种．它们分别为哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）、绿色木霉（T．viride）、长枝木霉（T．longibrachiatum）、康氏木霉（T．koningii）、拟康氏木霉（T．pseudokoningii）、项孢木霉（T．fertile）、黄绿木霉（T．aureoviride）、深绿木霉（T．atroviride）、钩状木霉（T．hamatum）以及T．sp1和T．sp2。拮抗作用和抑菌活性测定结果表明：11种木霉菌对葡萄、番茄和黄瓜灰霉病的致病菌——灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinema Petssp．）均有不同程度的拮抗作用,其中哈茨木霉、绿色木霉、黄绿木霉、钩状木霉和T．sp1对病原菌的拮抗作用及抑菌活性显著,其生长速度比病原菌平均快1．1～3．0倍：在对峙培养中拮抗系数达Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级．其抑菌率高迭98．78％。     

嗜铁素产生菌ZJH-10诱导黄瓜抗灰霉病的研究

为研究嗜铁素产生菌ZJH-10诱导黄瓜对灰霉病的抗性的作用机制.采用生理生化的方法,测定了黄瓜根部与叶部组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)系列防御酶活性变化.结果表明,黄瓜经ZJH-10处理并同时接种灰霉病菌后,黄瓜根部与叶部组织中SOD、POD、CAT、PPO和PAL活性都明显高于其它处理.其根部活性分别在处理后5d、3d、5d、3d和3d出现高峰,叶部酶活性变化基本与根部的相吻合.表明这些酶活性的提高与ZJH-10诱导的黄瓜抗灰霉病抗性可能有一定的相关性.     

BHT对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

为探究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT)对苹果采后灰霉病的防效和防病机制,采用平板法和刺伤接种法测定了BHT对灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制作用及果实内防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L BHT对苹果灰霉病的防效最佳,处理苹果后间隔48～96 h接种灰霉病菌,其防效可达68.59%～73.55%,其次为0.2、1.0 mmol/L BHT处理,但防效均低于52.94%。0.1 mmol/L BHT处理对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发无显著抑制作用,但可显著增强果实内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及总抗氧化能力,其峰值是对照的1.82～5.28倍,且均显著高于单独接种灰霉病菌的处理。此外,单独接种灰霉病菌的苹果果实内丙二醛含量快速升高,最大增幅达251.49%,而BHT处理后丙二醛含量变幅较小,最大增幅仅为83.95%。表明BHT可通过增强苹果果实内防御酶活性水平和总抗氧化能力来降低丙二醛的积累,从而提高果实对灰霉病的抗性。     

木霉菌胞外酶及对番茄灰霉病菌作用的研究

研究了木霉菌T21及其4种长势好抗逆性较强的REMI转化体对番茄灰霉病菌抑菌能力,温室防效以及其发酵液中几丁质酶、-β1,3-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶的活性。结果表明:5株木霉菌株对番茄灰霉病病菌都有不同程度抑制作用,其中Ttrm68抑制效果最好,培养一定时间后,木霉可以把番茄灰霉病菌完全覆盖;温室防效也是Ttrm68的效果最好。胞外酶活性的测定结果表明:对番茄灰霉菌抑制效果好的木霉菌几丁质酶和-β1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性高,而纤维素酶活性则没有明显的规律。     

A male-fertile Lycopersicon esculentum × Solanum lycopersicoides hybrid enables direct backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level

Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. is a wild nightshade native to Chile and Peru that possesses many traits of potential interest to tomato breeders, including environmental stress tolerance, resistances to disease and insect pests, and certain fruit quality characteristics. Sexual and somatic hybrids with the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are readily obtained, yet have a strong tendency towards male-sterility combined with unilateral incompatibility, barriers that have deterred breeding efforts in the past. We report herein the synthesis of a partially male-fertile F₁ hybrid by sexual crosses between tomato and a recently collected population of S. lycopersicoides. Over 280 BC₁ plants were obtained by directed backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level, of which 58 were sufficiently fertile to permit selfing or additional backcrosses. The transmission of S. lycopersicoides genetic markers into a uniform L. esculentum background was confirmed with 24 isozyme or morphological loci on 11 of the 12 alien chromosomes. Potentially useful tolerance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) was demonstrated by inoculation of stem cuttings with mycelial plugs: at 6 days post-inoculation, the intergeneric hybrid showed little evidence of disease progression and the length of stem lesions averaged only one third that of susceptible controls. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

利迪链霉菌A02诱导番茄抗灰霉病作用机制研究——对植株防御酶系的影响

利用利迪链霉菌生防菌株A02发酵液和番茄灰霉病菌对番茄植株进行诱导和接种处理,利用分光光度法测定处理前和处理后1~5 d番茄叶片组织的主要防御酶系——苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化。试验结果显示,不接种灰霉病菌而单独诱导处理、接种灰霉病菌后诱导处理和诱导处理后接种灰霉病菌这3种处理都能提高番茄植株各防御酶系的活性,后者酶活性峰值最高,对番茄植株灰霉病的抑制作用也最明显,控制效果达94.92%。     

烟剂防治贮藏期猕猴桃灰霉素之效果初探

灰霉病是猕猴桃贮藏期的重要病害，严重影响猕猴桃商品价值与经济效益。采用烟剂对贮藏期猕猴桃灰霉病（Botrytis cinerea）进行了毒力与防效研究，结果表明，3种烟剂对防治贮藏期猕猴桃灰霉病均具有较好的效果，其中烟剂2号效果好于其他2种烟剂。